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Trolleybuses in Warsaw
A Warsaw trolleybus system has formed part of the public transport network of Warsaw, the capital city of Poland, during two separate periods. The first trolleybus system was established in 1946 and lasted until 1973.〔Murray, Alan (2000). ''World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia'', p. 71. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. ISBN 0-904235-18-1.〕 It had a maximum of 10 routes. The second system, comprising only one route, was in operation from 1983 until 1995.〔
==History==
During World War II, most of the mass transit infrastructure in Warsaw was destroyed. The city was in need of a cheap and efficient transport network. In 1945, thirty secondhand trolleybuses, along with material for installation of overhead lines, were obtained from the Moscow trolleybus system, in the Soviet Union, and the first two lines in Warsaw opened on 5 January 1946.〔〔 They operated from ''Plac Unii Lubelskiej'' to Warszawa Gdańska train station, and from the Łazienkowska depot to the city centre (''ulica Piękna''). In March 1946, another line was opened (''Plac Saski''–''Bonifraterska''), but was closed and replaced by trams in December. By 1955, five new trolleybus lines were opened and existing ones extended, covering mainly the city centre.
The first system's fleet had also included 15 French-built Vétra trolleybuses, purchased new in 1947, and 30 East German-built vehicles, received in 1952–53.〔Turzanski, B. (January 1977). "The Trolleybuses of Poland, part III: Warszawa". ''Trolleybus Magazine'' No. 92", pp. 8–16. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.〕 These were later supplanted by trolleybuses built by Škoda, in what was then Czechoslovakia. They included seven of model 7Tr, 45 of model 8Tr and 77 of model 9Tr,〔"Škoda Production 1936–1995". ''Trolleybus Magazine'' No. 214" (July-Aug. 1997), p. 96. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.〕 though not all in service during the same periods.
1967 started a period of fast decline in both the number of trolleybuses and the trolleybus lines in Warsaw. The national government policy at the time was that as much Polish coal as possible be exported while the oil be imported at very low prices from the USSR. It was decided that electricity production should be decreased in order to save coal for export. The last trolleybus line (52) closed on 29 June 1973.〔〔
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